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GROUP ASSIGNMENT

Done By:

• AARON GAN ZHUOMIN 191930L
• ESTABILLO TRICIA MAYGNE CRISOLO 190418Z
• LAU KAI YAO 190599X
• NUR A`SYUHRAH BINTE MOHAMED ZAHAR 192543K
• RYKIEL GOH EN QI 192135R
• TOMAS TENG SHAO-HAO 180871R

 

 

Site visit to Marina Bay Sands:

• Materials wld usually have limitations
• Materials can be used in a combination not just one

1. Granite 

• Uniform
• Durable and heat resistant/fireproof
• Flat surface
• Weather resistant
• Porous
• Last very long
• Grainy
• Homogenous
• Have Speckles
• Originated from lava

Can be used on: Kitchen surfaces

 

1. Acrylic

• Not so see through
• Warm
• Surface dont look too smooth

 

1. Glass:

• Can be interfaced (usually behind) with vinyl sticker, etching
• Patterns can be etched onto glass
• There are different types of glass with different colours that comes with different finishes

Etched

LAMINATED GLASS:

• When broken it will shatter but still stays in place
• When broken it breaks into large pieces
• Very durable
• Expensive: about 20 SGD per square feet

 

 

1. Marble

• Porous
• Flat surface
• Highly polished to protect and maintain
• Colder to the touch
• Unique cause different it has veins, grains and patterns
• It can be book matched  
• Join lines are 1mm or less

Dry laying has no adhesive but it is only placed to ensure it all match 

1. Travertin

• “kuih lapis like” natural wavey lines
• Highly porous
• Doesnt collect algae
• Must be maintained

Can be used on: Toilet ,kitchen

 

1. Combination of acrylic and quarts

• Processed materials will be less porous

1. Anodize Stainless steel

• Hairline treatment
• Oxidised easily
• Meant for visual attaraction as 1 square metre of it is 200 SGD

 

 

 

1. Sandstone w Fillers

• Looks porous but feels smooth 

 

1. Slate tiles

• Thin layers of rocks
• Wavy
• porous
• cheaper to make
• rougher
• hard wearing
• easy to lay
• if left untreated it will become flaky

 

 

 

 

Site visit to Hafary:

TILES:

• Cant tell from the surface whether its CERAMIC/PORCELAIN

Tiles of natural effect:

• One can never be alike because it has shapes and veins variation to make it look as natural as possible
• Hexagonal tiles can put together to form different designs
• Design is not limited

Types of tiles: 

1. Ceramic 

• Rougher
• Less durable
• Not so closely packed
• Not so resistant to foot traffic

Can be used on: Walls (usually shiny)

– white/red body- properties are almost similar but different material 

1. Porcelain

• Smoother
• More durable
• Heated at a higher temperature so more closely packed

 2 different types:

• Glazed 

• Top surface has different colour from the body(surface only)
• When scratched it will be very obvious

⁃ Finishes: marble, stone, fabric, wood, floral pattern, graph paper

• Full body(homogenous) 

• When scratched it wont be visible to the eyes
• Usually for floor, sometimes wall
• Matte finish with pattern

Standard Tile Sizes:

• Bathroom floor- 30cm x  30cm or 30cm x 60cm
• Living room- 60cm x 60cm

• Thickness- 8-12mm
• Thin tiles- 3-6mm
• Thick tiles- 20mm (suitable for outdoors)

THIN TILES

THICK TILES

• Between tiles, filled with grout.
• Width distance- 2-3mm
• Grout lines help grab the floor
• If placed closely, heat will cause the tiles to expand causing it to crack

• Tiles from italy and portugal (designed focus)
• China- cause resources are cheap and manufacturing processes are advanced in Asia

1. Mosaic design

Different materials that can be used:

• Glass (walls not floor)
• Ceramic (floor not so bad)
• Stainless steel

Designs:

• Comes with mesh backing
• Graphic print shouldnt fade
• Customised is very expensive and it is separated in sheets with labels
• Price of material is by PSF
• Sold in sheets

 

Why are mosaic tiles use for pool?

• Very durable
• Small tiles with the grout in between creates friction when being stepped

Sizing specifications:

• 1psf- 30 by 30
• 4psf- 60 by 60

NATURAL STONES:

• Unique, one of a kind, expensive
• Can have different finishings

1. Travertine-

• Porous(cavities) can be filled with resin
• It has vertical linear lines
• Very expensive
• Sealant- cover entire stone to protect from stains, delay process of staining, doesnt make it stain proof
• Easily stained

Sizes:

• Different stone has different size
• Thickness- 20mm
• Size- 2.3-2.5m in length and 1m in width
• Sold per m2

1. Marble

• Weakest
• Comes in different colors
• Have veins
• Porous

Bookmatch- same slab, connected veins, symmetry but not exactly the same

1. Granite 

• Most durable
• Finishing is man made: shiny or matte
• When scratched wont be so visible

1. Terrazzo

• No lines in between
• Tiny different stones binded together with adhesive

1. Composite Quartz 

• Processed to form a sheet
• Durable

LIMESTONE:

• Often has some fossils embedded within with some color variety.Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed of different crystal formseasily stained and rather hard to maintaincan be used for floors and walls
  

ONYX

• Translucent, can range from gold and oranges to green onyx is a sedimentary rock and is formed in cavesonyx is a cryptocrystalline of quartzmust be oiled regularly to keep colorheat resistant but not scratch resistant typically used for counter tops

 

Wood:

• Colours are stained

1. Vinyl(plastic)

• Easy to maintain and install
• Water resistant
• Can be overlayed to existing floor
• Cost effective
• Warm 
• Has a Photographic layer on top
• Thickness- 5mm-6mm

Can be used on: Floor (living/bedroom)

1. Solid wood

• Whole chunk
• Colour
• Has a vein variation
• can be sanded multiple times

1.  Engineered wood

•  (composite) additional man made process
• solid wood ( wear /top layer )
• plywood ( bottom layer )
• cost effective 
• stacked wood

4. Plywood

• kuih lapis like 
• impact resistant
• sound and thermal insulation
• cost effective